Corticosteroids: What I Learned from Prednisone :: Medicine Health Drugs

Corticosteroids: What I Learned from Prednisone If wellness equals homeostasis, then illness may be considered a loss or breakdown of homeostasis. Illness can be mild and require little or no intervention; sometimes the body will heal itself. At other times, though, illness can be a breakdown in the whole system. Sometimes, when something goes wrong, the brain loses the ability to fix itself or its extension, the body. To treat the illness, there are many drugs: some placebo-like and some are very potent, with enormous healing properties. Some drugs are homeopathic; they come from the earth in the form of herbs and have been used effectively to heal mild and annoying symptoms for hundreds of years. There are also beyond these, new and potent drugs that come from pharmaceutical laboratories. Some of these drugs have great healing power, but carry with them a double-edged sword, a healing edge and a destructive edge. It is one of these drugs, prednisone, that I wish to discuss in this paper. Physicians have prescribed prednison e to many of their patients who have life-threatening conditions. To illustrate, here is a quote from internationally known flutist and television commentator on the arts, Eugenia Zuckerman, who was diagnosed with an immunopathic lung disease. "I can breathe! In less than twenty-four hours I am practicing the flute with the kind of breath control I've been missing for months. And all it took was one day and sixty milligrams of prednisone! ...I feel a little shaky and weird, but I can play the flute! But now it is three days later. It is the middle of the night. I'm squinting into the mirror in the bathroom. Only seventy-two hours into my prednisone therapy and my face is definitely spreading. I'm already turning into a pumpkin." (2). I understand what Eugenia Zuckerman meant. I was also on prednisone. Corticosteroids (9) are wonderful-terrible-wonderful drugs. They make you crazy. (I was in psychotherapy.) They increase your appetite and increase your weight. (I was always hungry.) They put your nervous system on high alert. (I was nervous and frightened, my hands were shaky, and one eyelid twitched.) They produce edema. (My face and ankles swelled.) They cause insomnia, (I stayed up most of the night watching old movies on television.) Moreover, they give you the "gift" of boundless energy.

Why digital marketing is imperative? Essay

Digital Marketing Introduction            Marketing has become of the vital aspects in business running. This is the method of communicating the worth of a service or a product to the customer by a producer or the seller with the main intention being selling the product or services. There are numerous types and forms of marketing. Digital marketing is one of them; this is marketing which makes use of electronic devices (computers). Digital marketing applies expertise’s or platforms such as websites, e-mail and social networks. Many organizations have resulted to combination of tradition and digital marketing channels. Digital marketing is the advertising of products or brands using different forms of electronic media. One of the major differences between the traditional marketing and the digital marketing is that, digital marketing uses methods or channels that allow a business to scrutinize marketing movements and comprehend what is functional and what is not (Ryan & Jones, 2012). Why digital marketing is imperative?            Digital marketing an all encompassing aspect that all customers have access to information at anytime and anyplace they want it. Past are the times when messages that people got about a product or service comes from the company and entailed only what the company wanted the customers to know (Wind &Mahajan, 2001). The world of digital world is an ever-rowing source of leisure, news, social interaction as well as consumers are now uncovered not just to what the business says about their product, but what the media, relatives, friends, etc., are saying as well. In addition, the customers are further probable to trust them than you are. People want products they can trust, companies that know them, personalized communications and relevant offers modified to their needs and preferences (Bird, 2007).            With the world rapidly shifting from analogue to the digital world, the digital marketing world is as well becoming one of the vital aspects in the business industry. People are becoming more and more consumers of the digital world through devices such as mobiles, computers, and laptops and in turn, the marketing sector is adapting fast. Digital marketing is becoming infinitely more affordable than the traditional offline marketing strategies or methods. For example, the social media can transmit a marketing message to a wide range of audience or consumers within a very short period and at an affordable cost (Fenwick & Wertime, 2013). In addition, another main benefit of conducting marketing digitally, us the fact that, one can be able to track and monitor the marketing results. This can be done through review of consumers response rates and in turn enable to measure the success of a marketing campaign in real time. Perhaps the strongest case for incorporating a di gital element in ones marketing intelligence campaign is that, there are numerous digital forms of media that are fast overtaking the traditional forms of information consumption. The bottom line is, the digital age is here, and those businesses that fail to adapt to the new marketing climate are at great risk of going extinct sooner rather than later (Ryan & Jones, 2011). Digital Marketing Methods Already In Use in the Company ABC            Despite the growing list of available digital marketing methods, ABC has already put in use some of the methods. Despite the need to deployment the new marketing channels, ABC Company had already deployed different and varying marketing channels. One of the major and key digital marketing that is already in use by the Pepsi Company is the use of Company Official Website. The company website is the chief gateway to the company’s products or services. Numerous businesses start with an eye-catching website as the primary step to advertising their business or the products and services and so does the Pepsi Company (Hemman, 2013). It does not look like the websites use technology is not departing away anytime soon. They are still the most effectual advertising channel, even though many business proprietors attribute the achievement of a sale to their website rather than the advertising actions that got public there in the first place (Rowan, 2001). This is a gene ral dilemma that can only be determined through analytics and education. A website on its own will fail to produce activity unless there is a dynamic program or advertising in place to welcome visitors to the website. A great looking website is a good start but very few websites can get results without many months of social media, search marketing, or advertising (Ryan & Jones, 2012).            The major merit associated with use of website marketing also known as online marketing is that, the company can reach to a large volume of customers globally. The internet is a powerful tool in connecting people. It’s also inexpensive when compared to other traditional methods if marketing, brings results quickly, invites consumers and clients to research for specific product of their interests (Rowley, 2008). Moreover, business growth statistics can be measured very easily. On the other hand, this method has limitations. One is the consumers are denied to feel, smell, taste or to try on the tangible goods before marketing or purchasing. For the method to be effective, customers and clients must be handy with the use of ‘Email Marketing Efficiently’ (Carter, 2011).            In addition to the company website, the company also has implemented email marketing method. This is whereby, the company captures the emails addresses of their website visitors when they subscribe to the website. In return, they use send emails to the customers with the desired messages about a product or a service. This can be done from the official company website or from the affiliate’s websites. The benefits of this method include low cost of conducting and running the marketing campaign, it’s also easy to create and also track. Moreover, it can be used to cover a large geographical area within a short period of time (Carter, 2012).            However, on the other hand the marketing method is incurred by shortcomings. One is that the method needs engagement as it calls for constant tweaking so as to keep the subscribers engaged. Spam is another demerit of the method. People’s inboxes are filled with emails and in order to cut down the amount of unwanted emails, servers have filters to lessen the number of spam emails to the customers and in return the information may fail to reach to the intended people in time (Friedlein, 2014). Digital marketing channels            In the ever growing digital marketing world, there are numerous and continues channels that can be deployed in digital marketing. The channel (s) used by any given business depends or varies from one business to the other as the business the most effective method depending on the target or objectives of the marketing campaign. Choosing the right channels to use for what purposes in the ABC, critical elements of business strategy is vital in choosing the most effective channels (Hendrix, 2014). Get it right and you can reap the rewards of reaching and retaining your customers. In the process of choosing marketing channels there are three keys to a successful digital marketing. (I). the channel should be able to manage complex customer relations with the company, products and services offered across a variety of other channels both digital and traditional. (II) The channel should respond and at the same time initiate dynamic customer relations. (III) Finally, the cha nnel should extract value from big data to make better decisions faster (Winterberg, 2013). As a marketing consultant the best digital channels that can be deployed by Pepsi Company include: Social Media Marketing            Social media marketing  refers to the practice of gaining  website traffic  or awareness through social media sites. It is a form of Internet marketing which utilizes  networking websites as a marketing tool. The main objective of this method is to produce content that users will share with their social network to help a company increase brand exposure and broaden customer reach. The social media phenomenon is gaining steam in recent times as the young and digital generations are frequently relying on for information (Farrar, 2010). One advantage of deploying social media is the fact that it’s free to use for the customers and the company so able to get the feedback from the customer instantly. Social media is the various activities which integrate technology, social interaction, and construction of pictures, words, videos and audio. This marketing channel creates connectedness between the company and the customer, maintains openness and promotes par ticipation of the customers in company activities. However, this digital marketing method requires the company to keep updating the social media accounts. This process takes time and effort. In addition, a person with knowledge about the company and its products should be deployed to manage the accounts (Ryan & Jones, 2012). Affiliate Digital Marketing            Another digital channel that would be of great help to ABC is through affiliate digital marketing. This is whereby a website owner places adverts on behalf of ABC (online merchant). The benefits from this affiliate marketing are through three ways. These are: pay per click policy. Pay per sale and pay per lead. Advantages of using this digital marketing channel are that, the merchant company only incurs a cost when the agreed action occurs. In addition, the company would get mass coverage at no additional cost and lastly, the more websites the ABC Company would be affiliated wit, the more exposure of its products and services it gets. Despite the scams and schemes in the trade, affiliate marketing is still one of the best ways to generate income on the Internet. It is especially beneficial for those wanting to earn without having to spend too much time and effort monitoring sales or client response (Bird, 2007).            For the success of the new digital campaign the information provided is vital for the customers and the company at large. The kind of information sent through the channels in marketing should relevant o the company, the product and the customer. One of the vital information exchanged through the marketing channels is the different types of products offered or produced by the company. This helps to identify a company in terms of goods or services produced. In addition, the geographical location of the business is also provided. This helps the customers to know the nearest location to find the company or their products. In other words, the channels provide information about the company and its business aspects. Moreover, the information passed or sent through the marketing methods includes promotions, payments methods and delivery of goods and services as well as all the information deemed vital to help the company increase the amount of sales or revenue gained (Bird , 2007).            In order for the digital marketing to be successful, there are numerous factors that must be met or observed by the new digital campaign, for the company. Objective attainability, this is the fact that, the new marketing campaign and the channels deployed should be applicable in achieving the company objectives and missions. Secondly, the new digital campaign should be dynamic and consumer engaging. Other key success factors include the engaging aspects of the marketing channels. The new designed marketing channels are customer engaging as it helps in determining the performance of the company through the number of positive responses from the customers. Finally, market information is sent through the channels (Bird, 2007). Conclusion            Over the recent times, there has been a dramatic increase in the intensity with which people business entities and companies use digital devices and platforms. Market analyst believes that worldwide mobile transaction volumes and value will see an average 42% yearly increase between 2011 and 2016. As customers shift online, it will become essential that businesses adopt the clear-cut rules of online and mobile targeting, personalization, engagement, conversion, and retention (Bird, 2007). Digital marketing represents about 25% of all marketing spending today. By 2020, it is believed that, it will dictate 50% of all marketing budgets. Businesses that prepare for and hone their digital marketing abilities now will begin to see instantaneous benefits and are likely to stay ahead of the curve. Interactive media will modernize business. It allows consumer companies to deliver real-time and personalized services and content with highly engaging immersive experiences (Bir d, 2007). References Ryan, D., & Jones, C. (2012).  Understanding digital marketing: Marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page. Wind, Y., & Mahajan, V. (2001).  Digital marketing global strategies from the world’s leading experts. New York, J. Wiley. http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=117489. Bird, D. (2007).  Commonsense direct & digital marketing. London [u.a.], Kogan Page. Fenwick, I., & Wertime, K. (2013).  Digimarketing the essential guide to new media and digital marketing. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. http://rbdigital.oneclickdigital.com. Ryan, D., & Jones, C. (2011).  The best digital marketing campaigns in the world: Mastering the art of customer engagement. London: Kogan Page. Hemann, C. (2013).  Digital marketing analytics: Making sense of consumer data in a digital world. by Chuck Hemann, Ken Burbary. Indianapolis, Indiana: Que. Rowan, W. (2001).  Digital marketing: Using the new technologies to get closer to your customers. London: Kogan Page. Carter, B. (2011).  Digital marketing for dummies. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Jà ¤rvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H., & Jayawardhena, C. (2012). Digital And Social Media Marketing Usage In B2b Industrial Section.  Marketing Management Journal,  22(2), 102-117.Rowley, J. (2008). Understanding digital content marketing.  Journal Of Marketing Management,  24(5/6), 517-540. Ryan, D., & Jones, C. (2009).  Understanding Digital Marketing : Marketing Strategies for Engaging the Digital Generation. London: Kogan Page. Carter, E., & Parameswaran, R. (2012). THE DIGITAL MARKET-SPHERE (DMS): MODELING VIRTUAL TRANSACTONS AND TRANSVECTONS.  Marketing Management Journal,  22(1), 122-158.Friedlein, A. (2014). The many ‘deaths’ of digital marketing.  Marketing Week (01419285), 5.Hendrix, P. E. (2014). How Digital Technologies Are Enabling Consumers and Transforming the Practice of Marketing.  Journal Of Marketing Theory & Practice,  22(2), 149-150. doi:10.2753/MTP1069-6679220209 Winterberg, B. (2013). Tools for Digital Age Marketing.  Journal Of Financial Planning,  26(1), 32-33. Farrar, M. (2010). Understanding Digital Marketing.  Manager: British Journal Of Administrative Management, (71), 12-14. Source document

Health Care The Current Healthcare System - 2033 Words

niversal health Care There are many things wrong with the current healthcare system in America. When thinking of taking on a universal healthcare plan, there are many things one must consider. Who would be eligible for it? How would it affect those who already have insurance, and how would it financially affect the economy? It is quite obvious that people below poverty level have access to public health programs, such as Medicaid. What needs to be taken into consideration is that people who are poor, barely above poverty†, â€Å"middleclass and those who do not have health insurance are highly affected (Rashford 7). Many people suffer on various levels due to inadequate access to appropriate healthcare. The number of people who are†¦show more content†¦Some opposing views would include: with this administration [being one of] the most conservative since the 1920 s, it [would be troublesome to ask] for [more involvement in issues such as universal health coverage] (Gorin 4). [Recently], no t only did we [bail out the] banking [corporations], but [we] gave the bankers no choice in the matter (Gorin 4). If we can take radical steps like these, why not regulate our healthcare system and extend coverage to people without insurance. (Gorin 4) The healthcare debate is one that has gone on for many years, even decades. It is my understanding from the media, and research I have conducted that Democrats generally seem to be in support of the plan, as it would help many Americans suffering from lack of insurance or no insurance at all. While republicans seem willing to sustain a plan for universal health care, as long as it is budgeted appropriately, and will not put this country in any further debt. There is some documented proof that republicans and democrats are able to agree on a plan. In 2000, â€Å"both† republicans and democrats were in favor of a plan for â€Å"Medicare† â€Å"modernization† â€Å"act with some discrepancies republicans â€Å"worried† about how much would it cost economically while democrats were more concerned with the general public have the right to make decision in the matter(troy 21). Opposing views would include assumptionsShow MoreRelatedUniversal Healthcare And The United States1184 Words   |  5 PagesFarrell Persuasive Essay February 8, 2015 Universal Healthcare in the United States Disputing that the current Healthcare System (Obamacare) in the United States needs reform is not difficult. Although the current system is a step up from the previous system, lobbying and reform to get a Universal Healthcare bill passed resulted in the original legislation being rewritten to an almost unrecognizable level. However, true Universal Healthcare creates a system that is more affordable by eliminating fluctuatingRead MoreComparing Hong Kong and United States Heath Care Systems1192 Words   |  5 PagesStates Heath Care Systems The United States is currently in the process of a health care reform which will change the current private sector health care program into a universal healthcare system. A great example of a universal healthcare program is Hong Kong. There are other countries that have changed from a private to a public health care system, but Hong Kong has shown that they have done it best. When comparing Hong Kong’s healthcare system to the United States healthcare system, the strengthsRead MoreCost And Quality Of Healthcare1082 Words   |  5 PagesCost and Quality in Healthcare When it comes to improving healthcare, one must be focused not only on quality but also on cost. The question is then raised: Will higher cost result in higher quality care or will higher quality care help control costs? It is no secret that healthcare is incredibly expensive in the United States. Despite healthcare in the United States being 50 – 200% more expensive that in other economically developed countries, life expectancy rates and quality indicator scoresRead MoreHow Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare817 Words   |  4 Pagescould easily get healthcare plans confused. Dr. David Grazier author of â€Å"How Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare† interviewed a colleague named Bob who agreed that healthcare is too complicated, he shares â€Å"the confusion--the prices are inscrutable, the ever-rising costs, the questionable quality, the chaotic lack of information. That is the micro-level of healthcare† (Grazier). Chapter five from the text Health Policy the organization, financing, and delivery of Health Care in America thirdRead MoreBanner Health : A Non Profit Organization986 Words   |  4 PagesBanner health is based in Phoenix Arizona and is a non-profit organization that are dedicated to make a difference in the lives of the society through quality patient care. They are the largest health care system in the U.S, and have more than 39,000 employees, 25 hospitals and a growing network of health centres and clinics. The focus of the Banner healthcare is to create the best for the community. Banner healthcare is the leading non-profit healthcare organization that focus on providing healthRead MoreThe Impact of Innovative Health Technologies in Nursing and Health Care997 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology in Nursing and Health Care: The continuous transformation of the health care field through the introduction of new technology tools has contributed to the need for nurses to stay current with new trends and keep track of what is on the horizon. However, these rapid technological changes and advancements in the health care field have seemingly precluded any probability of anticipating the future. As a result, nurses and other health care professionals can prepare for the future by remainingRead MoreHow To Improve The Healthcare System?1239 Words   |  5 Pagesof these reports were put forth to improve the healthcare system. The aims were to lead all healthcare professionals to fundamentally better care. Since implementation of the strategies presented in these reports it has led our healthcare to a safer, more effective, patient centered, timely, efficient and equitable system. Every report in the Quality Chasm series requires specific research to further develop the evidence base related to quality care. â⠂¬Å"Research targeting quality improvement has beenRead MoreUniversal Healthcare in America710 Words   |  3 PagesStates having universal healthcare Michelle Garbarino Eng 122 James Meetze February. 25, 2013 Should the United States have Universal Healthcare? The question of Universal Healthcare in the United States has valid and non valid arguments with supporters on both sides of the issue. Millions of Americans do not have affordable health care insurance. The main question is who is responsible to provide this? Is it feasible for government to pay for the lack of health care by taxpayer’s dollarsRead MoreNational Healthcare Spending in the United States: An Evaluation1850 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿National Healthcare Spending in the United States: Healthcare spending in America has continued to increase to an extent that it exceeds the growth in national income and the increase in spending in other developed or industrialized countries. Despite of the huge healthcare expenditure that has characterized the nations annual budget, many Americans are without adequate healthcare. As a result, several measures have been adopted by the government from time to time in attempts to solve the problemRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health1383 Words   |  6 Pages In the past, our healthcare distribution system predicated its payments solely on the number of accommodations provided and not on the quality of care distributed to patients. As a result, patients might receive redundant tests, medication errors, or accommodations that might not ameliorate their health – and may cost them more in copayments or coinsurance. As required by the Affordable Care Act, Health and Human Services (HHS) launched several initiatives to link payments more proximately with

Modern Birth Control And Gender Roles Essay - 2209 Words

Before the introduction of modern birth control, gender roles emphasized the responsibility of women to conceive and raise children. Although this began to change in the in the mid-twentieth century, with the introduction of the first hormonal birth control pill, Enovid, taking place in 1960, it was not readily accessible during that time period (Buttar and Seward, 2009, p. 1-3). This did not change during the time period immediately following the introduction either; five years after the introduction of Enovid, there was still controversy surrounding the use of contraceptives. In the Supreme Court case of Griswold v. Connecticut, the legality of birth control on the market was debated, and the case concluded with the allowance of hormonal contraceptives, but it was limited to married couples only under the right of marital privacy (George and Lewis, 2016, p. 1). The controversy and secrecy that surrounded the use of birth control shortly after its introduction indicates that althoug h it was certainly present and used in society during this time period, it still carried the negative social connotations of the past, which prevented it from being socially normalized. In contrast, the standardization of birth control in society took place decades later, from approximately the 1990 to 2010s. In contemporary American society, birth control has become more readily accessible to women, which is indicated by the increased usage of contraception in society. The number of birthShow MoreRelatedGender Is A Now A Large Topic For Modern Society938 Words   |  4 PagesGender is a now a huge topic for modern days. How can you classify a gender in modern society? The answer to this question cannot be answered in modern society but in the past countries were the ones to label genders. 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In America and otherRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Traditional and Modern Families850 Words   |  4 Pages071807 Compare and contrast traditional and modern families Since the nineteenth century, in the western societies, family patterns changed under the forces of industrialisation and urbanisation. Another factor which has been involved in those changes is the growing intervention of the state, by legislative action, in the domestic affairs of the family. As a result of these trends, the modern â€Å"nuclear† family has been substituted for the traditional extended familyRead MoreGender Roles Of The Indian Society1344 Words   |  6 Pagesus. In this process, families are introduced to certain roles that are characteristically connected to their birth sex. The term gender role refers to society s concept of how men and women are projected to behave. These roles are typically founded on customs or standards, fashioned and often enforced by society. In many cultures such as in the United States, male roles are usually related with power, and governance, while female roles are usually associated with passivity, fostering, and subordina tionRead MoreEvolution of Gender Roles1706 Words   |  7 PagesGender roles have changed immensely in the United States throughout the last century, especially within society. Men and women were viewed differently back in the 1900s as two separate genders and having two separate roles to live by as compared to men and women in the 21st century. Women in the early 1900s were expected to stay home to cater for her husband’s needs while they went to work, or in most homes, were away to serve at war. Men had all the privileges women could not have or do. WomenRead MoreThe On The Battlefield Of Equality1625 Words   |  7 Pagesovercame the battle of obtaining suffrage and the advancement of birth control; these challenges led to an embracing of new ideas in fashion, sexuality, and equality. To begin, suffrage for women in America began in the mid 1800s and ended in 1920, when women in America were finally granted with this well-deserved right to vote. In America, suffrage began in the western state of Wyoming in 1869, where women had a slightly more equal role in the economy and were generally more accepted in politics andRead MoreThe Political Economy Of Gender933 Words   |  4 Pagesthe home and workplace. Responses to gender gap problems don’t have the same solutions around the world however. Through the â€Å"The Political Economy of Gender† by Iversen and Rosenbluth the effect modern movements have on women’s beliefs can be examined through Albert Hirschman’s ideas of â€Å"voice and exit† and further applied to situations such as those examined in â€Å"Exit, voice, and family policy in Japan† by Leonard Schoppa. In â€Å"The Political Economy of Gender† background is provided on the economicRead MoreThe Political Economy Of Gender1211 Words   |  5 Pagesthe home and workplace. Responses to gender gap problems don’t have the same solutions around the world however. Through the â€Å"The Political Economy of Gender† by Iversen and Rosenbluth the effect modern movements have on women’s beliefs can be examined through Albert Hirschman’s ideas of â€Å"voice and exit† and further applied to situations such as those examined in â€Å"Exit, voice, and family policy in Japan† by Leonard Schoppa. In â€Å"The Political Economy of Gender† Iversen and Rosenbluth provide backgroundRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper And Gender1409 Words   |  6 PagesFajardo December 8, 2015 ENG 180-03 Final Paper The Yellow Wallpaper and Gender Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a feminist American poet, writer and lecturer for social reform (Purvis 2009). This piece, written in the early- to mid- nineteenth century, was well known for its feminist views. It is the story of a controlling husband and a woman who is coping from being separated from her child at birth. She is trapped in this relationship with a man who does not seem to care much for howRead MoreWomen During The Ancient World1445 Words   |  6 Pagessuch civilizations were Ancient Rome and Early Modern England. England during the 15th and 16th centuries supported the Anglican faith. Women, by divine belief, were created as subordinates to men; the rationale for this constitutes the creation of Eve from Adam’s rib, suggesting that women were made for man. Sexist bias was also supported in Rome (753 B.C. to 1453 A.D.) where the traditional ambitions of all women were to wed unknowingly, birth abundantly, and serve their husbands unfailingly

Fayols “Principles” in a University Library - 2030 Words

In reading through Management Basics for Information Professionals by Evans and Ward, one of the theories of management that stood out to me was the â€Å"administrative approach† (2007). Henry Fayol was one of the main proponents of this approach, though there were many others as well. Fayol â€Å"divided organizational activities into five major groups† and also identified 14 principles of management and believed that â€Å"management is a skill one can learn, rather than a talent received at birth† (Evans Ward, 2007). In the context of my personal experience I found that it might be interesting to compare my experiences as a student employee in the UC Berkeley library to some of the more applicable aspects of Fayols principles of management. I†¦show more content†¦Another of Fayols principles had to do with authority and responsibility. In the department of the main stacks, there was a staff librarian who acted as our manager, as well as a group of s tudents that performed supervisory tasks. In my last year or so in the library I joined this group, and was given the task of doing some of the day-to-day tasks that kept our department running. These included opening and closing procedures, keeping statistics of the work done by students, assigning hourly jobs, training, and so on. The important idea in this principle is that â€Å"giving orders and being responsible must go together† (Evans Ward, 2007). I would argue that in our department, while we were responsible for making sure the work was done as well as assigning jobs, if there was a difficult situation the supervisors were able to refer to the staff librarian for support. For example, if one student was chronically underperforming or late, we would notify the librarian. If one considered the group of supervisors plus the librarian who managed us to make up the â€Å"management† of the department, then in whole authority and responsibility did go together. I would also say that instead of thinking of student supervisors as not being as responsible as they could be, it would be more plausible to say that the hourly assignment of jobs and other such tasks were ones that were delegated to them by the librarian, because while he was more responsible, there was no way that he couldShow MoreRelatedCharles Fayol And Max Weber Relevant Today s World1303 Words   |  6 Pagesstructures are more focused on corporate cultures and trying to maximize employees productivity. As well as environmental factors such as Technological advances and Diversity. ‘Born in Germany in 1864, Max Weber was a precocious child. He went to university and became a professor, but suffered a mental breakdown in 1897 that left him unable to work for five years. In 1905 he published his most famous work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. He returned to teaching in 1918 and died inRead MoreThe Roots of Modern Management Principals 2279 Words   |  10 PagesModern management principals are still based upon Fayol’s functions, Mintzberg’s roles and Katz ‘s skills even though they have been around for a long time in our dynamic environment. This is evident if you firstly understand what Fayol’s functions, Minzberg’s roles and Katz’s skills actually are and you look into new management texts and businesses. Henri Fayol was general manager of a large coal mining company in 1916 he published a book outlining his 5 management functions but it was not untilRead MoreCompare and Contrast Semco to a ‘Classical Organisation’, I.E. 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Acute Inflammation Essay Example For Students

Acute Inflammation Essay Acute Inflammation The survival of all organisms requires that they eliminate foreign invaders, such as infectious pathogens, and damaged tissues. These functions are mediated by a complex host response called inflammation. Definition of inflammation Inflammation is fundamentally a protective response, the ultimate goal of which is to rid the organism of both the initial cause of cell injury (e. g. , microbes, toxins) and the consequences of such injury (e. g. , necrotic cells and tissues) The process of inflammation is usually described by the suffix â€Å"itis† The components of the inflammatory reaction that destroy and eliminate microbes and dead tissues are capable of also injuring normal tissues. Therefore, injury may accompany entirely normal, beneficial inflammatory reactions, and the pathology may even become the dominant feature if the reaction is very strong (e. g. , when the infection is severe), prolonged (e. g. , when the eliciting agent resists eradication), or inappropriate (e. g. , when it is directed against self-antigens in autoimmune diseases. r against usually harmless environmental antigens in allergic disorders). Some of the most vexing diseases of humans are disorders in which the pathophysiologic basis is inappropriate, often chronic, inflammation. This is why the process of inflammation is fundamental to virtually all of clinical medicine. ] ACUTE INFLAMMATION Acute inflammatory reactions are triggered by a variety of stimuli: †¢ Infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and microbial toxins †¢ Trauma (blunt and penetrating) †¢ Physical and chemical agents (thermal injury, e. . , burns or frostbite; irradiation; some environmental chemicals) †¢ Tissue necrosis (from any cause) †¢ Foreign bodies (splinters, dirt, sutures) †¢ Immune reactions (also called hypersensitivity reactions Cardinal signs of inflammation Celsus, a Roman writer of the first century AD, first listed the four cardinal signs of in flammation Rubor, Calor, Dolor, Tumour Functio laesa Rubor- redness Calor – heat (Increased blood flow can be visualized as redness (rubor) and felt as heat (calor) Tumor – swelling (due to edema) Dolor pain The fourth cardinal sign of inflammation is pain (dolor). This is the result of increased pressure in the interstitium due to edema. Pain fibers are stimulated through pressure receptors but also may be stimulated by the direct effects of bradykinin, a plasma protease end product of the kinin system A fifth clinical sign, Functio laesa- loss of function was later added by Virchow. Acute inflammation has two major components: Vascular events The 2 major vascular changes are: 1) Alterations in vascular caliber that lead to an increase in blood flow (vasodilatation) (2) Structural changes in the microvasculature that permits plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation (Increased Vascular Permeability) Cellular events 1. Leukocyte extravasation 2. Chemotaxis 3. Phagocytosis Vascular events Vascular changes play an important role in acute inflammation. Normally, plasma proteins and circulating cells are sequestered inside the vessels and move in the direction of fl ow. laminar flow) In inflammation, the blood vessels undergo a series of changes to maximize the movement of plasma proteins and circulating cells, out of the circulation and into the site of injury. The 2 major vascular changes are: 1. Changes in vascular flow and caliber (vasodilatation) †¢ Vasodilation is one of the earliest manifestations of acute inflammation. Sometimes, it follows a transient constriction of arterioles, lasting a few seconds. †¢ Vasodilation first involves the arterioles and then results in opening of new capillary beds in the area. Thus comes about increased blood flow, which is the cause of the heat and the redness. †¢ Vasodilation is induced by the action of several mediators, notably histamine and nitric oxide, on vascular smooth muscle. Histamine causes dilation of arterioles and contraction of endothelial cells in the venule 2. Increased Vascular Permeability (Vascular Leakage) Hallmark of acute inflammation is increased vascular permeability leading to the escape of a protein-rich fluid (exudate) into the extravascular tissue. Alterations in the anatomy and function of the microcirculation are among the earliest responses to tissue injury and may promote fluid accumulation in tissues- â€Å"OEDEMA† Formation of transudates and exudates. | |A, Normal hydrostatic pressure (blue arrows) is about 32 mm Hg at the arterial end of a capillary bed and 12 mm Hg at the venous | |end; the mean colloid osmotic pressure of tissues is approximately 25 mm Hg (green arrows), which is equal to the mean capil lary | |pressure. Therefore, the net flow of fluid across the vascular bed is almost nil. | |B, A transudate is formed when fluid leaks out because of increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased osmotic pressure. |C, An exudate is formed in inflammation | The loss of fluid results in concentration of red cells in small vessels and increased viscosity of the blood, reflected by the presence of dilated small vessels packed with red cells and slower blood flow; a condition termed as stasis. As stasis develops, leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, accumulate along the vascular endothelium, stick to the endothelium and eventually escape into the interstitial tissue via the vascular wall. Normal fluid exchange and microvascular permeability are critically dependent on an intact endothelium. How then does the endothelium become leaky in acute inflammation? Following mechanisms have been proposed: 1. Gaps due to endothelial contraction Endothelial cell contraction leads to intercellular gaps in venules. It is the most common form of increased vascular permeability and is elicited by histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes and many other classes of chemical mediators. Its action is fast and short lived. 2. Direct Injury Direct endothelial injury results in vascular leakage by causing endothelial cell necrosis and detachment. This effect is usually seen after severe injuries like burns, toxins and chemicals. Venules, arterioles, and capillaries can all be affected depending on site of injury. Its action is fast and may be long lived (hours to days). 3. Leukocyte-dependent injury Leukocyte dependant endothelial injury usually happens in venules and pulmonary capillaries, the vascular sites where leukocytes can adhere to the endothelium. This is a late response and is long lived. 4. Increased transcytosis Increased transcytosis also augments venular permeability, especially after exposure to vascular endothelium derived growth factor. This occurs in venules. 5. New blood vessel formation New blood vessel formation at sites of angiogenesis also increases vascular permeability. This persists till intercellular junctions form. Cellular Events The next requirement for the inflammatory response is to get the inflammatory cells (leukocytes) to the site of injury. Vascular dilatation increases the volume of blood to the tissue site but also changes the flow characteristics within the vessel. The cells are normally contained in the central or axial part of the blood column. Dilatation increases cross sectional area of the vessel and decreases the net flow rate per unit area. This causes cells to fall out of the central region of the vessel; they begin to tumble along the epithelial surface. Sequence of cellular events in journey of leukocytes from vessel lumen to interstitial tissue is divided to 3 phases, in the lumen, diapedesis, and migration in interstitial tissue towards chemotactic stimulus. A: In the lumen: B: Diapedesis The next step is migration of cells through the endothelium, called diapedesis . Therefore the process of transmigration across the endothelium, also known as diapedesis which happens after adhesion Diapedesis occurs predominantly in the venules. PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, CD31) in intercellular junctions of endothelium is involved in the migration of leukocyte towards site of infection. Leukocytes pierce the basement membrane by secreting collagenases, insert pseudopods into the junction between endothelial cells and then squeeze through interendothelial junction. In extravascular connective tissue, leukocytes adhere to extracellular matrix by ? 1 and CD44. Eventually they traverse the basement membrane and escape into extravascular space. Leukocyte adhesion and transmigration is regulated by chemical mediators and binding of complementary adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial surfaces. The adhesion receptors involved belongs to 4 families: ) selectins b) immunoglobulin super family c) integrins d) mucin like glycoprotein a) Selectins are proteins which function in the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells. P-selectin (CD62P) present in platelets and endothelium (Wiebel-Palade bodies) mediates binding of neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes. L-selectin (CD62L) -which are expressed on most leukocyte types, serve as homing receptors for lymphocytes to enter lymph nodes. It also serves to bind neutrophil to endothelial cells t sites of inflammation. E-selectin (CD62E) expressed on endothelium mediates homing of effector and memory T-cells to peripheral sites of inflammation, particularly the skin. b) Immunoglobulin superfamily includes 2 endothelial adhesion molecules: a) ICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecules 1) b) VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) They both serve as ligands for integrins found on leukocyte c) Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric glycoproteins that promote cell-cell, or cell-matrix interactions. Integrins are expressed on many cell types. 2 integrins, LFA-1 and Mac-1 bind to ICAM-1. ?1 integrins, VLA-4 binds to VCAM-4 d) Mucin like glycoproteins is found in extracellular matrix and on cell surface. For example heparan sulphate serves for ligand for leukocyte adhesion molecule CD44. Chemotaxis After extravasation, leukocytes emigrate in tissue towards site of injury in a process called chemotaxis. It’s defined as locomotion along a chemical gradient. Both exogenous and endogenous substanc es can act as chemo attractants a) Exogenous – components of bacterial products. ) Endogenous – components of complement system, C5a – products of lipoxygenase pathway, leukotriens B4 – Cytokines like IL-8 All the chemotactic agents bind to 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors on leukocyte surface. v Signals initiated from these receptors result on recruitment of G-protein and activation of several effector molecules, phospholipase C, phophonositol-3-kinase, and protein tyrosine kinase. v PLC? and phophonositol-3-kinase act on membrane inositol phospholipids to generate lipid 2nd messenger that increases cytosolic calcium and activates small GTPases. GTPases cause polymerization of actin, leading to increased amount of polymerized actin at leading edges of the cell. Leukocyte moves by extending filopodia that pull the back of the cell to the direction of extension. (3)Phagocytosis Leukocytes ingest offending agents, kill bacteria and other microb es, and get rid of necrotic tissue and foreign substances. Phagocytosis involves three distinct but interrelated steps †¢ (1) recognition and attachment of the particle to be ingested by the leukocyte (2) its engulfment, with subsequent formation of a phagocytic vacuole †¢ (3) killing or degradation of the ingested material (a) Recognition and attachment of the particle to be ingested by the leukocyte. Phagocytosis of microbes and dead cells is initiated by recognition of the particles by receptors expressed on the leukocyte surface. (1)Mannose receptors (2) Scavenger receptors are two important receptors that function to bind and ingest microbes. The mannose receptor is a macrophage lectin that binds terminal mannose and fucose residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids. These sugars are typically part of molecules found on microbial cell walls, whereas mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids contain terminal sialic acid or N-acetylgalactosamine. Therefore, the macrophage mannose receptors recognize microbes and not host cells †¢ The process of coating a particle, such as a microbe, to target it for phagocytosis is called opsonization †¢ The efficiency of phagocytosis is greatly enhanced when microbes are opsonized by specific proteins (opsonins) for which the phagocytes express high-affinity receptors Major opsonins are IgG antibodies †¢ C3b breakdown product of complement, †¢ Certain plasma lectins, notably MBL (mannose binding lectin ) (b)Engulfment with subsequent formation of a phagocytic vacuole †¢ During engulfment, extensions of the cytoplasm (pseudopods) flow around the particle to be engulfed, †¢ Eventually resulting in complete enclosure of the particle within a phagosome created by the plasma membrane of the cell. The limiting membrane of this phagocytic vacuole then fuses with the limiting membrane of a lysosomal granule, resulting in discharge of the granules contents into the phagolysosome. †¢ (c) Ki lling or degradation of the ingested material The ultimate step in the elimination of infectious agents and necrotic cells is their killing and degradation within neutrophils and macrophages, which occur most efficiently after activation of the phagocytes Veteran interview EssayLaboratory evaluation †¢ Changes in peripheral white blood cell count Leukocytosis: Normally climbs to 15000 – 20000 Neutrophilia – bacterial infections Lymphocytosis – viral infections ( Infectious Mononucleosis , Mumps) Eosinophilia – allergic or parasitic infestation Leucopenia – Typhoid, virus, rickettsia Lymphocytosis and neutropenia in acute viral infections †¢ Examination of inflammatory infiltrate Changes in plasma proteins Characteristic high protein levels and high specific gravity Presence of acute inflammatory cells Elevated levels of acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, 1 antitrypsin, Fibrinogen, Serum amyloid protein (SAA) and haptoglobin) †¢ CRP and SAA bind to microbial cell walls , act as opsonins and fix complement †¢ Fibrinogen causes erythrocytes to form rouleaux †¢ Prolonged production of these proteins results in secondary amyloidosis in chronic inflammation †¢ Elevated levels of CRP is a marker of increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery disease †¢ Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate Biopsy and microscopic examination of tissue; Hyperemia, edema, neutrophil infiltration and fibrin Lymphatics in inflammation †¢ Much of the emphasis in the discussion of inflammation is on the reactions of blood vessels, but lymphatics also participate in the response. †¢ As is well known, the small amount of interstitial fluid formed normally is removed by lymphatic drainage. †¢ In inflammation, lymph flow is increased an d helps drain edema fluid from the extravascular space. †¢ Because the junctions of lymphatics are loose, lymphatic fluid eventually equilibrates with extravascular fluid. In addition to fluid, leukocytes and cell debris may also find their way into lymph. †¢ In severe inflammatory reactions, especially to microbes, the lymphatics may transport the offending agent. †¢ The lymphatics may become secondarily inflamed (lymphangitis), as may the draining lymph nodes (lymphadenitis). †¢ Inflamed lymph nodes are often enlarged, because of hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicles and increased numbers of lymphocytes and phagocytic cells lining the sinuses of the lymph nodes. This constellation of pathologic changes is termed reactive, or inflammatory, lymphadenitis †¢ For clinicians, the presence of red streaks near a skin wound is a telltale sign of an infection in the wound. †¢ This streaking follows the course of the lymphatic channels and is diagnostic of lymp hangitis; it may be accompanied by painful enlargement of the draining lymph nodes, indicating lymphadenitis. Sequelae of inflammation – The possible outcomes of acute inflammation are Resolution When the injury is limited or short-lived and when there has been no or minimal tissue damage, the usual outcome is restoration to histologic and functional normalcy. This involves the clearance of injurious stimuli, removal of chemical mediators and acute inflammatory cells, replacement of the injured cells, and eventually, the restoration of normal function of cells. Events in the resolution of inflammation. Phagocytes clear the fluid, leukocytes and dead tissue, and fluid and proteins are removed by lymphatic drainage. Organization Scarring or fibrosis Scarring or fibrosis results after substantial tissue destruction or when inflammation occurs in tissues that do not regenerate. Extensive fibrinous exudates may not be completely absorbed and are organized by ingrowth of connective tissue with resultant fibrosis. Abscess formation may occur in the setting of extensive neutrophilic infiltrates or in certain bacterial or fungal infections. Due to the extensive underlying tissue destruction, the nly outcome of abscess formation is scarring. Abscesses may form in some bacterial infections Progression to chronic inflammation- Progression to chronic inflammation may follow acute inflammation, although signs of chronic inflammation may be present at the onset of injury. Depending on the extent of the initial and ongoing tissue injury as well as the capacity of the affected tissues to regrow, chronic inflammation may be followed by regeneration of normal structure and function or may lead to scarring. Defects in Leukocyte Function Since leukocytes play a central role in host defense, it is not surprising that defects in leukocyte function, both acquired and inherited, lead to increased susceptibility to infections, which may be recurrent and life-threatening †¢ The most common causes of defective inflammation are bone marrow suppression caused by tumors and chemotherapy or radiation (resulting in decreased leukocyte numbers), and metabolic diseases such as diabetes (causing abnormal leukocyte functions). The genetic disorders, although individually rare, illustrate the importance of particular molecular pathways in the complex inflammatory response. Some of the better understood inherited diseases are the following: a. Defects in leukocyte adhesion. In leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), defective synthesis of the CD18 ? subunit of the leukocyte integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 leads to impaired leukocyte adhesion to and migration through endothelium, and defective phagocy tosis and generation of an oxidative burst. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 (LAD-2) is caused by a defect in fucose metabolism resulting in the absence of sialyl-Lewis X, the oligosaccharide on leukocytes that binds to selectins on activated endothelium. Its clinical manifestations are similar to but milder than those of LAD-1. b. Defects in microbicidal activity. An example is chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic deficiency in one of the several components of the phagocyte oxidase responsible for generating ROS. In these patients, engulfment of bacteria does not result in activation of oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms. . Defects in phagolysosome formation. One such disorder, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disease that results from disordered intracellular trafficking of organelles, ultimately impairing the fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes. ] d. Rare patients with defective host defenses have been shown to carry mutations in Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. |Clinical Examples of Leukoc yte-Induced Injury: Inflammatory Disorders | Disorders |Cells and Molecules Involved in Injury | |Acute | |Acute respiratory distress syndrome |Neutrophils | |Acute transplant rejection |Lymphocytes; antibodies and complement | |Asthma |Eosinophils; IgE antibodies | |Glomerulonephritis |Antibodies and complement; neutrophils, monocytes | |Septic shock |Cytokines | |Vasculitis |Antibodies and complement; neutrophils | |Chronic | |Arthritis |Lymphocytes, macrophages; antibodies | |Asthma |Eosinophils, other leukocytes; IgE antibodies | |Atherosclerosis |Macrophages; lymphocytes? | |Chronic transplant rejection |Lymphocytes; cytokines | |Pulmonary fibrosis |Macrophages; fibroblasts | |Defects in Leukocyte Function | |Disease |Defect | |Acquired |Bone marrow suppression: tumors, radiation, and |Production of leukocytes | |chemotherapy | | |Thermal injury, diabetes, malignancy, sepsis, |Chemotaxis | |immunodeficiencies | | |Hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus |Adhesion | |Leukemia, a nemia, sepsis, diabetes, neonates, |Phagocytosis and microbicidal activity | |malnutrition | | |Genetic | |Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 |? hain of CD11/CD18 integrins | |Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 2 |Fucosyl transferase required for synthesis of sialylated | | |oligosaccharide (receptor for selectins) | |Chronic granulomatous disease |Decreased oxidative burst | |  Ã‚  X-linked |NADPH oxidase (membrane component) | |  Ã‚  Autosomal recessive |NADPH oxidase (cytoplasmic components) | |Myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency |Absent MPO-H2O2 system | |Chediak-Higashi syndrome |Protein involved in organelle membrane docking and fusion | At the end of reading – try to answering these questions – if you can then you are thro if not go back and read 1. Define inflammation and discuss the causes of inflammation 2. List and explain the cardinal signs of inflammation 3. List and explain the stimuli for inflammation 4. Explain the vascular changes that occur during inflammation 5. Explain the cellular events during inflammation 6. Explain phagocytosis in detail 7. Describe with illustrations how the endothelium becomes leaky in acute inflammation? 8. Discuss the cells that are involved in inflammation 9. Explain in detail the adhesion receptors involved in adhesion and transmigration 10. Explain Diapedesis and chemotaxis 11. Explain the clinical genetic deficiencies due to phagocytosis 12. Explain the regulation of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules 13. Briefly explain the outcomes of acute inflammation 14. Explain the various special macroscopic appearance of acute inflammation 15. Explain the harmful, beneficial and systemic effects of inflammation 16. Define Exudate, Transudate, Edema , Pus 17. Tabulate the differences between exudate and transudate 18. Write briefly on chemoattractants involved in chemotaxis during inflammation 19. Write briefly on inflammatory oedema 20. Explain the various Defects in Leukocyte Function 21. Tabulate and list the Clinical Examples of Leukocyte-Induced Injury: Inflammatory Disorders 22. Tabulate and list Defects in Leukocyte Function 23. Explain the role of lymphatics in inflammation 24. Explain the Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Acute Inflammation CAUTION ? If your incredible short-term memory got you through Organic Chemistry, it probably wont get you through Pathology, which is a quantum leap with more material. ? Find some way to organize the material to suit your learning style. ? Adopt active learning (read text books) ? Passive learning (others notes) is not recommended in the medical curriculum ? Don’t memorize without understanding ? MY NOTES ARE THERE TO GUIDE YOU BUT CERTAINLY NOT A SUBSTITUTE TO READING TEXTBOOK

St. John the Evangelist Essay Example For Students

St. John the Evangelist Essay Throughout the human history there have been many saints who have lived among us. They followed Jesus principles and they did Gods will. One of the earliest saints was St. John, and he lived during the times of Jesus. His childhood and his date of birth are unknown, but it is well known that he was one of the best followers and students of Jesus. St. John was the son of Zebedee, and the brother of St. James the Great with whom he was brought up to the trade of fishing. While Jesus was spreading his teachings and his miracles St. John entered public ministry. Then in his first year of public ministry our Lord called him to be an Apostle. He was called to be an Apostle with his brother, as they were mending their nets on the sea of Galilee. St. John was the youngest of all the apostles, and outlived the others. It is hard to list in details, all the challenges that St. John faced. His challenges were truly followed by Gods will and helped many people. St. John was one of the first ones who understood and studied how a person should live, how should he behave, and how moral his life should be. He was one of the first to follow those holy principles, and show them to others. One of his greatest challenges was writing a gospel. St. John the Evangelist is mostly known for writing a fourth Gospel. If you would ask any person to l ist his challenges almost everybody would tell you that he wrote a gospel. It is believed that he wrote a Gospel at the year of 96, after the death of Domitian. His object in writing it he tells us himself: These things are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that, believing, you may have life in His name. In order to write a Gospel you have to be truly involved in holy life by yourself. St. John went threw Jesus teachings and he opened himself to Jesus. All of his life he spent by expressing love to others and by implementing Jesus principles. Thus before writing a Gospel, St. John experienced it all on himself. He also wrote three epistles. The first is called catholic, as addressed to all Christians, especially his converts. The other two are short, and directed to particular persons, to Gaius and to local church. The Book of Revelation is also attributed to him. We will write a custom essay on St. John the Evangelist specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Writing a Gospel was not the only great challenge that St. John performed in his life. He became the beloved disciple and the only one of the Twelve who did not forsake the Savior in the hour of Jesus Passion. He proved it himself by referring to himself in a Gospel with a proud humility as the disciple whom Jesus loved. Jesus would have him present with Peter and James at His transfiguration and His agony in the garden. Also John was chosen to go with Peter into the city to prepare the Last Supper. St. John stood faithfully at the cross when the Savior made him the guardian of his mother. Together with his brother James and with Simon Peter, he formed a kind of inner circle of Three among the Twelve. In that those three were privileged to behold the miracle of the Great Catch of Fish, the healing of Peters mother-in-law, the raising of the daughter of Jairus, the Transfiguration, and the Agony in Gethsemane. So St. John was surrounded with challenges and he applied Jesus principle in every challenge that he faced. Those people who required help and second baptism heard the following word from St. John, I will answer for you to Jesus Chris. I am ready to lay down my life for you. I am sent by Christ. When St. John heard that Christs sepulchre was open, he was the first one to see that Christ was indeed risen. He also assisted at the council, which the apostles held at Jerusalem. Later his life was passed chiefly in Jerusalem and at Ephesus. He founded many churches in Asia Minor. Brought to Rome, tradition relates that he was by order of Emperor Dometian cast into a cauldron of boiling oil but came forth unhurt and was banished to the island of Pathmos for a year. When age and weakness grew upon him at Ephesus so that he wasnt able to preach to the people, he used to be carried to the assembly of the faithful, and every time said to his flock only these words, My little children, love one another. When he was asked why he said it he replied, Because it is the word of the Lord, and if you keep it you do enough. He lived to an extreme old age, surviving all his fellow apostles, and died about the year 100. St. John is called the Apostle of Charity, a virtue he had learned from his Divine Master. He used that virtue in his words and actions. The beloved disciple died at Ephesus, where a stately church was erected over his tomb. It was afterwards converted into a Mohammedan mosque. .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af , .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .postImageUrl , .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af , .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:hover , .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:visited , .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:active { border:0!important; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:active , .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u678fb2906aa34572ac5009a3b729b4af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay About Schizophrenia The contribution that St. John made to the Christian community and the world is extremely important. He is the one who will be known forever for his writings and his challenges. He will be never forgotten, as he was the one who passed Jesus teaching to the whole world. He gave his life for the future, so that today we would know how should we live as Christians, and how morally should we behave. There are a lot of things that I learned from St. Johns life. His writings were very important for Christian history, therefore for millions of people who taught from his writings, and that includes me as well. I learned that loving all people is important but not just loving the once who only give you love. Giving love to God important. I should not worry about my clothes or possessions or what worries I should overcome the next day. God takes care of that. I am a lot different right now. I worry about what I will ware the next day, if I lost something I can panic, when I do not realize that the more I panic the less I have a chance of finding the thing that I have lost. St. john was a great hero and he was willing to give up his life for God and for everyone and for the future. From this I learned that this person really was a hero and he was teaching us how to live the right way in life. Today there are a lot of Churches and schools build under his name. Today everybody has a lot to learn from St. John. His life is a perfect example for us. He is the one who can change many lives of different people, and influence their behavior. St. John the Evangelist, the disciple whom Jesus loved will be known forever, as Jesus said, he shall not die.